If you occasionally stress over money, you’re not alone. Only 51 percent of Americans said they were financially secure, according to a recent Pew Survey of American Family Finances. Fifty-five percent of respondents reported either breaking even or spending more than they make each month, and 33 percent indicated they had zero savings.
Chances are you should be saving more and spending less. Instead of waiting for your situation to magically improve, take a hard look at some of the not-so-good money habits you may have developed over the years.
I spent five years studying the daily habits of more than 350 riche and broke people. Long before the “self-made millionaires” in my study became wealthy, they forged certain money habits that most everyday people do not incorporate into their daily lives.
Habits—unconscious behaviors, thinking and decisions—have a purpose: They conserve brain fuel by allowing us to perform tasks without thinking. These ingrained reactions and mindsets chart a course for success in every aspect of life. Recognizing a problem is the first step toward fixing it, so you need to be aware of any habits that could derail your success.
Here are 10 bad boys that can disrupt financial security, plus my prescriptions for curing them. You have it within you to make these changes. Make this the year you cull your broke habits and cultivate new ones.
You spend too much on housing
Housing costs, of course, start with rent or a mortgage but also may include property taxes, utilities, insurance, repairs and maintenance. Housing costs normally constitute the largest component of your spending, so it’s imperative to keep them as low as possible.
From my research, I discovered a magic number: Total housing costs should be no more than 25 percent of your net monthly income. Sixty-four percent of the wealthy people in my study kept their housing costs below 25 percent. My study also found that those who spent more than 40 percent of their net income on housing costs struggled more financially.
But this is also understating the problem. According to the 2015 report Projecting Trends in Severely Cost-Burdened Renters: 2015-2025 by Harvard University’s Joint Center for Housing Studies and Enterprise Community Partners Inc., more and more families’ monthly housing expenses exceed 50 percent of their net monthly income.
So how can you reduce housing costs? Downsize, find less expensive housing or share housing with family members or friends. If those aren’t viable options, here are some other ideas:
Reduce utility spending.Lower the thermostat in the winter a few degrees and raise the thermostat a few degrees in the summer. Cut your water usage: Take shorter showers and do less outdoor watering; turn off the tap when you brush your teeth; wash only full loads of dishes and laundry. Select a less expensive TV and internet package. Negotiate a lower rent with your landlord.
Bringing your housing costs closer to that magic 25 percent target means you will be able to save. If you change only one money habit, make it this one.
You spend too much on cars
Like housing costs, spending on cars can eat up far too much monthly net income. New cars lose value as soon as they roll off the lot. So the smart strategy is to buy high-quality used vehicles to avoid losing the big bite of the initial depreciation. Forty-four percent of the rich people in my study purchased used cars, typically a two or 3-year-old vehicle coming off a lease.
Yes, as a car ages, you’ll incur repair costs; those typically kick in at 125,000 miles. After this point, expect to cough up about $1,500 a year for repairs, which is still significantly less than the cost of a loan or a lease for a new car Be smart: Buy quality used cars and drive them until the wheels fall off. It’s a good money habit.
You develop habits by association
We pick up almost all of our habits from those in our environment: parents, teachers, family, friends, coworkers, neighbors, mentors, celebrities etc. When it comes to money habits, this could be positive or negative. If you have less-than-stellar money habits, it’s likely that many of the individuals you associate with on a regular basis also have trouble managing money. Their bad spending and savings habits can rub off on you—a night out on the town with a friend can ring up an unexpected $300 expense, or a vacation can turn into a major debt.
Think long and hard about how your friends and the people you associate with daily affect your spending and savings habits. After all, if you surround yourself with good spenders, you’ll have more chance of becoming one, too.
You rely on credit cards to finance your lifestyle
When you spend everything you make, obviously you’re not saving. What’s worse, spending more than you make forces you into debt to maintain your standard of living.If you resort to the use of a credit card to meet your monthly living expenses, you are by definition living beyond your means. When you do this, you are essentially using future earnings to finance your current lifestyle. So what do you do? Here are a few recommendations:
Track 100 percent of your spending for one month. This will create awareness of what you spend on. After a month of tracking your spending, you can create a monthly budget. Set monthly goals or targets for each spending category in your budget, which will give you the ability to then compare what you actually spent during a given month for each category and then compare it to the goal to see whether you were on, over or under target for each expense.
You spend on a whim
During the mid-1970s, a team of behavioral scientists, psychologists, health professionals and experts from other disciplines embarked on an ambitious study of more than 1,000 children born within the same one-year period in Dunedin, New Zealand. The researchers’ goal was to analyze each child’s self-control and determine, 30 years later, how the children were doing in life. They found that the kids who exhibited the greatest self-control grew up to become wealthier. Self-control emerged as the single greatest predictor of financial success from the study.
Spontaneous spending is driven by emotions and a lack of self-control. You’re worn out after 30 minutes of wheeling a cart around the store, something not on your list catches your eye at the checkout counter, and you suddenly buy an item that wasn’t on your shopping list. Stores capitalize on this self-control weakness. They have marketing experts who set up product placements in checkout lines to exploit the likelihood of impulse purchases.
So what do you do? Spontaneous spending is a subconscious act, so the remedy is awareness. Awareness turns on the conscious part of your mind, which can overpower your subconscious. When you are tuned into this marketing ploy, you’ll find it easier to stick to your list. That leads to a feeling of control over your spending. With repeated triumphs, you strengthen your self-control muscles so you’re less susceptible to retailers’ tactics for enticing you to spend more.
You overspend on entertainment
Spend no more than 10 percent of your monthly net income on entertainment. Entertainment includes vacations, hotels, recreational travel, restaurants, bars, movies, theater, toys, entertainment equipment such as TVs and speakers, etc. Most who struggle financially spend far more than 10 percent on entertainment. These individuals have a live-for-today mindset, which may sound appealing, but that mindset becomes tricky if you live a long life. Plan on living a long, financially secure life and reduce your entertainment spending today.
You don’t track your spending
Knowing where your money goes gives you control over your finances. You may find you are paying for things you don’t use—club memberships or subscriptions, for example. Also, many expenses can change over time.
If you’re not tracking what you spend, you’ll never know you can purchase something for less money. A good example of this is insurance. Insurance costs often change up or down over time. Make sure you pay the lowest insurance rates for homeowners, auto and life insurance. Internet and cable costs can increase or decrease without you being aware of it; calling your providers to secure the lowest fees available should be an annual process.
Periodically shop smartphone plans, too. Increased competition in the cellular industry is driving down monthly rates. Make sure you don’t pay more than necessary for your phone service—and all of your other recurring costs.
You don’t bargain shop
Make bargain-hunting a habit. Some of the wealthiest individuals in my study shopped at Goodwill stores. Looking for the best deals, clipping coupons, seeing movies during the early discount showings and shopping around for the lowest price will add up. Put the cost difference into your savings account.
Accumulating wealth, in a way, can be a simple process. You need to spend less than you make and save the difference. Over time your savings will grow and generate interest income, dividend income and capital gains. It can be tough to break deeply ingrained money habits, but it is the key to financial independence.
After all, the last thing somebody wants is to ask family members or friends for money. So develop good money habits that will put you in control of your life. It’s empowering.
This article (edited for length) by Tom Corley originally appeared on Success.com.
